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} |} ''Balclutha'', also known as ''Star of Alaska'', ''Pacific Queen'', or Sailing Ship ''Balclutha'', is a steel-hulled full rigged ship that was built in 1886. She is the only square rigged ship left in the San Francisco Bay area and is representative of several different commercial ventures, including lumber, salmon, and grain. She is a U.S. National Historic Landmark and is currently preserved at the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park in San Francisco, California. She was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 7 November 1976.〔 ==History== ''Balclutha'' was built in 1886 by Charles Connell and Company of Scotstoun in Glasgow, Scotland, for Robert McMillan, of Dumbarton, Scotland. Her namesake is said to be the eponymous town of Balclutha, New Zealand, but her name also refers to her first homeport, Glasgow, Scotland, which is a "City on the Clyde" - the meaning of her name derived from the Gaelic ''Baile Chluaidh''. Designed as a general trader, ''Balclutha'' rounded Cape Horn 17 times in thirteen years. During this period she carried cargoes such as wine, case oil, and coal from Europe and the East Coast of the United States to various ports in the Pacific. These included Chile for nitrate, Australia and New Zealand for wool, Burma for rice, San Francisco for grain, and the Pacific Northwest for timber. In 1899 ''Balclutha'' transferred to the registry of Hawaii, and traded timber from the Pacific Northwest to Australia, returning to San Francisco with Australian coal. In 1902 ''Balclutha'' was chartered to the Alaska Packers' Association (APA). After having struck a reef off of Sitkinak Island near Kodiak Island on May 16, 1904, she was renamed the ''Star of Alaska'' when bought by APA for merely $500. After extended repairs she joined the salmon fishing trade, sailing north from the San Francisco area to the Chignik Bay, Alaska, in April with supplies, fishermen, and cannery workers, and returned in September with a cargo of canned salmon. For this trade she carried over 200 crew and passengers, as compared to the 26-man crew she carried as the ''Balclutha''. In 1911 the poop deck was extended to the main mast to accommodate Italian and Scandinavian workers. This expansion is called the shelter deck. In the 'tween deck, bunks for Chinese workers were built. Her last voyage in this trade was in 1930, when she then was laid up after her return home. In 1933, ''Star of Alaska'' was renamed ''Pacific Queen'' by her new owner Frank Kissinger. In this guise she appeared in the film ''Mutiny on the Bounty'' starring Clark Gable and Charles Laughton. She then eked out an existence as an exhibition ship, gradually deteriorating, and was for a while exhibited as a "pirate ship". In 1954, ''Pacific Queen'' was acquired by the San Francisco Maritime Museum, which restored her and renamed her ''Balclutha'' and moored her at Pier 41 East.〔(Balclutha - photosecrets.com )〕 In 1985 she was designated a National Historic Landmark.〔 and 〕 In 1988,〔(1988 - ''Balclutha'' arrives at Aquatic Park for permanent berthing at the Hyde Street Pier - dolphinclub.org )〕 she was moved to her present (2014) mooring at Hyde Street Pier of the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park. She is host to a monthly Chantey Sing in the shelter deck〔(Chantey Sing at Hyde Street Pier ) Free Admission, call 415-561-7171〕 8pm to midnight on the first Saturday of every month. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Balclutha (1886)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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